Shingle



Nov. s, 1935. ML, HAMLIN 2,019,701

SHINGLE Filed July 24, 1931 2 sheets-sheet 1 www ATTORNE M. l.. HAMLIN Nov. 5, 1935.

SHINGLE Filed July 24, 1951A 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Nov. 5, 1935 UNETED STATES PATENT OFFICE to The Barrett Company,

New York, N. Y., a

corporation of New Jersey Application July 24, 1931, Serial No. 552,879

12 Claims.

This invention relates to shingles and more particularly to shingles adapted to be laid in wide spaced relation one with another.

It is an object of this invention to provide an individual shingle of a type adapted to be laid in wide spaced relation with like shingles 4in overlapping courses and having a projection on the face to be exposed. The projection underlies the forward edge of an overlying shingle and fills the space formed by the bridge of the overlying shingle over shingles of the underlying course. Another ol ject is to provide such a shingle which requires nails or other fasteners at the top edge only whereby the lower edge is left free to expand or contract and buckling of the shingle due to contraction and expansion occasioned by temperature changes or other causes is eliminated.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide an individual shingle adapted to be laid in wide spaced relation and in overlapping courses with like shingles, the upper and lower surfaces of the shingle having spacing and aligning projections whereby the shingles of an overlying course with respect to the underlying shingles may be readily and properly spaced and aligned.

The shingle representing the preferred embodiment of my invention comprises a felt base preferably of general rectangular shape, coated with asphalt or other bituminous water-proofing material and surfaced with granular material in the usual manner. A tab or short projecting portion is provided upon the upper' surface of the shingle adjacent the end intended to be uppermost when laid. This projection not only effectually seals the opening formed under the forward edge of an overlapping shingle bridging the two adjacent shingles of anunderlyingcourse, but also provides a means of support for the overlying portion of the overlying shingle whereby sagging thereof is prevented. PreferablyA the shingle of the invention is formed with an extended longitudinal projection upon the under face of the shingle. This projection rests on the roof deck and supports the shingle against sagging. It also aiords additional insulation and` weathering properties. Such a projection may be of uniform thiclmess, 50 in increasing thickness from the top edge of the shingle toward the opposite end or butt portion of the shingle, and terminates at a line spaced from the butt edge. The body of the shingle is thus rendered rigid. In the preferred modified form of the shingle wherein the longibut is preferably formed 4 tudinal. projection is tapered, the taper accommodates itself to the angle formed between the shingle when laid and the roof or other supporting surface and supports the shingle throughout its length. Both projecting portions on op- 5;

posite surfaces of the shingle are preferably of a width equal to the space desired between adjacent shingles. Y

The individual shingles thus formed are adapted to be laid in wide spaced relation with the other like shingles in overlapping courses. When so laid the tab or projection upon the upper surface of each shingle of one course extends between two adjacent shingles of the immediately overlying course and lls the space formed by 15 the shingle overlying the two adjacent shingles,

i. e. if the courses be numbered l, 2 and 3 in sequence from bottom to 'top of the roof, the tabs on the upper edges of the shingles in course l lie between the widely spaced shingles of course 2 20 and lie underneath the forward edge of the shingle in course 3 supporting said forward edge. The lateral alignment of each shingle is assured by the tab portions which determine the proper spacing distance between adjacent shingles. The longitudinally extending projection formed upon the under side of each shingle and spaced from the butt end thereof abuts against the upper edge of the underlying shingle and serves to not only support the shingle to which it is attached against sagging, but also insures the correct vertical alignment thereof with respect to the associated shingles.

For a more detailed description of the present invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which are to be understood as illustrative of preferred embodiments of Athis invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the embodiments shown.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a plan of an individ- 40 ual shingle embodying this invention;

Fig. 2 is a perspective of the shingle of Fig. 1:

Fig. 3 is a. plan of a portion of a. roof covered with shingles of my invention laid in wide spaced relation and in overlapping courses;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged section taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3 showing the manner of laying the shingles whereby the opening formed between the bridging portion of a shingle of an overlying course and adjacent shingles of an underlying course is effectually sealed against the ingress ofthe elements;

Fig. 5 is a plan of the under face of a modiiied form of a shingle embodying my invention;

Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the shingle of Fig. 5 5

wherein the longitudinal projection provided upon the under face thereof is of uniform thickness throughout its length;

Fig. '7 is a side elevation of a modification of the shingle of Fig. 5, provided with a longitudinally extending portion on the under face thereof which is of gradually increasing thickness throughout its length;

Fig. 8 is a plan of a portion of a ro of covered with the shingles of Fig. 7, laid in Wide spaced relation and in overlapping courses;

Fig. 9 is an enlarged section taken on the line 9 9 of Fig. 8, showing the manner of laying the shingles whereby the shingles are accurately aligned and securely locked in place; and

Fig. l0 is a side elevation of a modied shingle resembling the element shown in Fig. 7.

With specific reference to the shingle of Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, shingle II is preferably formed in general rectangular shape from a felt base which has been saturated or otherwise impregnated with asphalt or other bituminous material such as pitch, coated with asphalt or other bituminous material and then surfaced with granular material such as gravel, grit, slag and silica particles or the like, of various colors. The shingle may be cut from a piece of felt so as to leave a projecting tab portion I2 which is folded back upon the face of the shingle I I and if desired cemented or otherwise secured thereto. It will be noted that the folding and securing of the tab is preferably accomplished during the process of manufacture of the shingle so that such folding and securing does not have to be done when the shingle is laid. If desired, nail holes I3 may be provided in the tab I 2, said nail holes also extending through the body of the shingle II. The surface of the tab I2 may be coated and surfaced as well as the entire surface of the shingle II if desired.

For the manner of laying shingle II, reference is made to Figs. 3 and 4. In Fig. 3 a series of courses of shingles are shown as applied to a roof, the individual shingles being laid in wide Aspaced relation in overlapping courses. With reference to shingle C, shingles A and B of the immediately overlying course are laid in spaced relation on the upper portion thereof, as shown, the distance between shingles A and B being determined by the width of the tab or projecting portion I2 appurtenant to shingle C. The shingles A and B are nailed at their upper extremities through their respective tabs I2, the lower ends thereof being thus left free to move as occasioned by temperature or other changes. The shingle D is positioned upon the upper portions of shingles A and B in such a manner that its lower end or butt portion is aligned with the lower edge of the tab I2 appurtenant to the shingle C and is supported thereby. By reference to Fig. 4, it will be noted that the opening which would otherwise be formed by the bridging of shingle D over the shingle C is eifectually sealed by the tab I2. The tab I2 also serves to support the bridging portion of the shingle D against sagging hence eliminating cracking of the felt and the coating and surfacing material applied thereto. While I have described the manner of laying the shingles of this invention in connection with only four shingles, it is to be understood that all the shingles upon the roof are to be laid in a similar manner and in the same relation to adjacent shingles.

The modied form of the shingles of the present invention illustrated in Figs. 5 to 9 inclusive may also be formed from a saturated felt base with a tab I4 upon the upper face thereof and may be provided with a coating of asphalt or pitch and surfacing material of any desired color. The lower face thereof is formed with a longitudinally projecting portion I5 which extends from the end 5 of the shingle adjacent the tab I4 to a line I'I spaced from the butt edge I8. This projecting portion may be formed from a layer of pitch or asphalt applied directly to the felt base, or may be built up in a layer or layers of felt suitably 10 impregnated with bituminous material. In Fig. 6 the projection I5 is shown of uniform thickness. In the preferred modification of Fig. 7, projection 23 is made of gradually increasing thickness from the end of the shingle having the tab I9 attached i5 thereto to a point 2| spaced from the butt edge 22 of the shingle. The length of the tabs I4 and I 9 and the length of the projecting portions I5 and 23 are preferably such that the length of a tab plus the length of a projecting portion is sub- 20 stantially equal to the length of the shingle.

'I'he marmer of laying the shingle of Fig. '7 is best explained by reference to Fig. 8, wherein a number of such shingles are shown laid in wide spaced relation and in overlapping courses. Ad- 25 jacent shingles of the same course, for instance, shingles A and B are laid in spaced relation, the spacing distance between them being determined by the width of the tab I9 formed upon the upper extremity of shingle C and shown on Fig. 8 in 30 i dotted lines. The next above shingle D of the overlapping course is applied so that its projecting portion 23 fits within the space defined by the adjacent side edges of shingles A and B and is thereby aligned horizontally. The front edge 35 2| of the projection 23 of the shingle D is positioned in abutting relation with the upper edge of the tab I9 of shingle C so that the shingle D is placed in vertical alignment with the adjacent shingles. Thus it will be seen that by means of 40 the tabs I9 and the projecting portion 23, each individual shingle is accurately and easily placed in its desired position upon the roof. After placement, the individual shingles may be secured in place by nails fastened through nail 45 holes provided in the tabs.

From Fig. 9 the sealing and supporting functions of the tabs and projecting portions will be evident. The tab I9 of the shingle C serves to effectually seal the opening that would otherwise 50 be formed by the bridging of the butt portion 22 of the shingle D over the shingles A and B, the tab also serving to support the butt portion 22 ofA shingle D against sagging. The projecting portion 23 serves to secure vertical alignment of 55 the respective elements andalso serves as a support for the upper portion of the shingle beyond the butt portion 22, conforming to the angle formed between the roof deck 24 or other supporting structure and the underface of the 60 shingle.

The advantages of the shingle of my invention are obvious. A shingle adapted to be laid in wide spaced relation is provided with positive aligning means, both horizontal and vertical with respect 65 to shingles of the same course and those in adjacent'courses of the roof, thus permitting ready application of the shingles thereof in the desired relation to each other. Moreover the laying in wide spaced relation provides a saving in the 70 number of shingles required to cover a designated space. It will be noted that the shingle of the present invention may be so laid that over twothirds of the length of its upper face is exposed to the weather when laid in contradistinction to 75 asiatici y the usual manner of laying shingles wherein only one-third to one-half of the shingle is thus exposed. This feature results in considerable saving in the number of shingles required to cover a given surface.

Instead of making the shingle from a felt or other fibrous base, the shingle may be molded or otherwise formed from mastic compositions such as asphalt or other bituminous material and fibrous material, or cement, or cement and asbestos. While the flexible felt base shingle described above represents the preferred embodiment, the invention herein also comprehends rigid shingles. If desired, the element may be formed by cementing or otherwise securing to a rigid or flexible base 3l a strip 32 of less width than the base, the strip 32 being associated with the rear surface and folded about the top edge of the element as shown in Fig. 10. Instead of folding a bitumen-saturated felt strip, a layer of cementitious bitumen or other waterproofing material may be applied to portions of the rear and. front surfaces of the element corresponding to projecn tions 23 and i9 of the shingle of Fig. l and thus form a shingle of the type shown in this figure.

I claim:

l. A shingle adapted to be laid in wide spaced relation' and in overlapping courses with like' shingles, said shingle being provided with a short projecting portion on the surface thereof adapted to be uppermost when laid, and a relatively long projecting portion on the opposite surface thereof, said last-named portion increasing in thickness from the end of said shingle intended to be covered when laid toward the butt portion of said shingle.

2. A shingle adapted to be laid in wide spaced relation and in overlapping courses with like shingles, said shingle being provided with a short projecting portion on the surface thereof adapted to be uppermost when laid, and a relatively long projecting portion on the opposite surface thereof, said last portion increasing in thickness from the end of said shingle intended to be covered when laid to the butt portion of said shingle, both said portions being spaced from the opposite transverse sides and the butt edge of the shingle and being of a width equalv to the space desired between adjacent shingles in the same course.

3, A shingle adapted to be laid in wide spaced relation and in overlapping courses with like shingles, said shingle being provided with a short projecting portion on the surface thereof adapted to be uppermost when laid, and a relatively long projecting portion on thev oppositey surface thereof, said last portion increasing in thickness from the end of said shingle intended to be covered when laid toward the butt portion of said shingle, both portions being of equal width and of' a combined length equal to the length of the shingle.

4. A shingle adapted. to be laid in wide spaced relation and in overlapping courses with like shi gles, each shingle comprising a lease and a strip of waterproof material of a width less than that of the base secured to the rear surface thereof with the side edges of the strip spaced from the side edges of the base, the lower edge of the strip being spaced from the lower edge of the base and the strip folded about the top edge of the base and secured tothe front face thereof.

,5.- A shingle adapted to be laid in wide spaced relation and in overlapping courses with'other like shingles, each shingle comprising a rigid base and a strip of bituminous saturated felt of a length approately equal to that of the base and of a width less than that of the base secured to the rear surface thereof with the side edges of the strip spaced from the side edges of the base, the lower edge of the strip being spaced from the lower edge of the base'and the felt strip fold ed about the top edge of the base and secured -to the front surface thereof.

6. A roof composed of shingles laid in wide spaced relation in overlapping courses, each shingle being provided with a short projecting poru m tion upon the upper face thereof adjacent the covered end of the shingle, and a relatively long projecting portion on the lower fa/ce of said shingle, the forward edge of the long projecting por tion of an overlying shingle abutting the upper i5 edge of the shingle of an underlying course.

'7. A roof composed of shingles laid in wide spaced relation in overlapping courses, each shingle being provided with a short projecting portion upon the upper face thereof adjacent the go covered end of the shingle, and a. relatively long projecting portion on the lower face of said shingle spaced from the butt portion of said shingle, the forward edge of the long projecting portion of each shingle abutting the upper edge of a shingle gg of an underlying course, and the short projecting portion of each shingle underlying the forward edge of an overlying shingle, said projecting por tion being of a width substantially equal to the spacing between adjacent shingles in the same ao course.

8. A roof composed of individual shingles laid in wide spaced relation in overlapping courses, each shingle being provided with a short projecting portion upon the upper face thereof adict cent the covered end of the shingle, and a relautively long projecting portion on the lower face of said shingle spaced from the butt portion of said shingle, said long projecting portion being of increasing thickness from the covered end of the 4,@ shingle to the butt portion thereof, each of said projecting portions being of a width equal to the space between individual shingles in the same course.

9. A shingle adapted to be laid in wide spaced 45 relation and in overlapping courses with like shingles, said shingle being provided with projecting portions upon its upper and lower faces, said projecting portion on the upper face being adjacent the upper end of the shingle and said 5o projecting portion on the lower face being spaced from the lower end of the shingle and adapted to abut against the upper edge of an underlying shingle, said projecting portion on the upper face acting, when the shingle is laid, as a filler mem- .55 ber between overlying shingles, and said projecting portion on the lower face acting as a lier member between underlying shingles whereby positive vertical and horizontal alignment of each shingle is secured with reference to the adjacent do shingles.

l0. A shingle adapted to be `laid in wide spaced relation and in overlapping courses with like shingles, said shingle being provided with a short projecting portion on the surface thereof adapted a5 to be uppermost when laid, said short projecting portion being located on the upper end of the shingle and adapted to act, when the shingle is laid, as a filler member between overlying shingles and a relatively long projecting portion on the y@ opposite surface thereof, said long projecting portion being spaced from the lower end of the shingle to abut against the upper edge of an underlying shingle, said long projecting portion he-l ing adapted to act as a filler member between g5 underlying shingles, both portions being of equal width.

11. A shingle adapted to be laid in wide spaced relation and in overlapping courses with like shingles, said shingle being provided with a short projecting portion on the surface thereof adapted to be uppermost when laid, said short projecting portion being located adjacent the upper end of the shingle, and a relatively long projecting portion on the opposite surface thereof, said long projecting portion being spaced from the lower end of said shingle and adapted to abut against the upper edge of an underlying element, said long projecting portion and said short projecting portion acting, when the shingles are laid, as ller members between` underlying and overlying shingles respectively, both portions being spaced from the opposite transverse sides and the lower edge of the shingle and being of a width equal to the space desired between adjacent shingles in the same course.

' 12. A flexible brous base shingle adapted to be laid in wide spaced relation and in overlapping courses with other like shingles, having a tab upon the upper edge o! said shingle, said tab being folded back on the face of the shingle intended to be exposed when the shingle is laid and adapted to be covered by an overlying element and a longitudinally disposed projection upon the under side of said shingle and spaced from the lower edge thereof a distance equal to the desired lap between a pair oi overlying and underlying shingles, so that when laid the forward edge of the projecting portion of an overlying shingle abuts the upper edge of a shingle of an underlying course.

MARSTON LOVELL HAMLIN. 

